The rapid escalation of cyber threats has revealed the limitations of traditional security frameworks and encryption methods. Advances in quantum computing are expected to undermine widely used cryptographic systems, creating the need for more resilient approaches. This paper reviews the combined role of quantum computing and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in shaping the future of cybersecurity. By leveraging principles such as superposition, entanglement, and interference, quantum systems offer unmatched computational capabilities that can support post-quantum cryptography (PQC) and advanced security models. Simultaneously, AI enhances anomaly detection and enables adaptive encryption management, strengthening defenses against evolving attacks. The discussion explores quantum-resistant algorithms, secure communication techniques such as Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), and hybrid quantum–AI systems for protecting critical infrastructures. Ethical and regulatory considerations are also highlighted to ensure responsible and equitable adoption of these technologies. Overall, the paper underscores how the integration of quantum advancements with intelligent systems can transform cybersecurity by enhancing resilience, safeguarding sensitive data, and fostering digital trust in an era of rapid technological change.